Performance analysis for network coding using ant colony routing

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The aim of this thesis is to conduct performance investigation of a combined system of Network Coding (NC) technique with Ant-Colony (ACO) routing protocol. This research analyses the impact of several workload characteristics, on system performance. Network coding is a significant key development of information transmission and processing. Network coding enhances the performance of multicast by employing encoding operations at intermediate nodes. Two steps should realize while using network coding in multicast communication: determining appropriate transmission paths from source to multi-receivers and using the suitable coding scheme. Intermediate nodes would combine several packets and relay them as a single packet. Although network coding can make a network achieve the maximum multicast rate, it always brings additional overheads. It is necessary to minimize unneeded overhead by using an optimization technique. On other hand, Ant Colony Optimization can be transformed into useful technique that seeks imitate the ant’s behaviour in finding the shortest path to its destination using quantities of pheromone that is left by former ants as guidance, so by using the same concept of the communication network environment, shorter paths can be formulated. The simulation results show that the resultant system considerably improves the performance of the network, by combining Ant Colony Optimization with network coding. 25% improvement in the bandwidth consumption can be achieved in comparison with conventional routing protocols. Additionally simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can decrease the computation time of system by a factor of 20%

Performance analysis for network coding using ant colony routing

The aim of this thesis is to conduct performance investigation of a combined system of Network Coding (NC) technique with Ant-Colony (ACO) routing protocol. This research analyses the impact of several workload characteristics, on system performance. Network coding is a significant key development of information transmission and processing. Network coding enhances the performance of multicast by employing encoding operations at intermediate nodes. Two steps should realize while using network coding in multicast communication: determining appropriate transmission paths from source to multi-receivers and using the suitable coding scheme. Intermediate nodes would combine several packets and relay them as a single packet. Although network coding can make a network achieve the maximum multicast rate, it always brings additional overheads. It is necessary to minimize unneeded overhead by using an optimization technique. On other hand, Ant Colony Optimization can be transformed into useful technique that seeks imitate the ant’s behaviour in finding the shortest path to its destination using quantities of pheromone that is left by former ants as guidance, so by using the same concept of the communication network environment, shorter paths can be formulated. The simulation results show that the resultant system considerably improves the performance of the network, by combining Ant Colony Optimization with network coding. 25% improvement in the bandwidth consumption can be achieved in comparison with conventional routing protocols. Additionally simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can decrease the computation time of system by a factor of 20%.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

A Comprehensive Review Of The Influence Of Heat Exchange Tubes On Hydrodynamic, Heat, And Mass Transfer In Bubble And Slurry Bubble Columns

Bubble and slurry bubble column reactors (BCRs/SBCRs) are used for various chemical, biochemical, and petrochemical applications. They have several operational and maintenance advantages, including excellent heat and mass transfer rates, simplicity, and low operating and maintenance cost. Typically, a catalyst is present in addition to biochemical processes where microorganisms are used to produce industrially valuable bio-products. Since most applications involve complicated gas-liquid, gas-liquid-solid, and exothermic processes, the BCR/SBCR must be equipped with heat-exchanging tubes to dissipate heat and control the reactor\u27s overall performance. In this review, past and very recent experimental and numerical investigations on such systems are critically discussed. Furthermore, gaps to be filled and critical aspects still requiring investigation are identified

How to Benefit from Reciting Short Quran Verses to Teach Arabic Maqams

This research is concerned in using reciting Quran in general and reciting short Quran verses in particular to teach Arabic Maqams. The research conflict is in not finding a clear scientific approach to make use of the Quran text in teaching Maqam. After reviewing the theoretical sides of reciting science (definition, origin, literature; and studying different perspectives among scholars regarding the way reciting should be, the researcher presented the foundations of suggested approach using short verses and a review for some of the audio samples that can be used for this purpose. The researcher presented at the end of the research several recommendations for spreading awareness among music learners regarding not to neglect the music inheritance from the religious traditions, and she also used the Analytical Historical Approach for this research

Next generation sequencing (NGS): a golden tool in forensic toolkit

The DNA analysis is a cornerstone in contemporary forensic sciences. DNA sequencing technologies are powerful tools that enrich molecular sciences in the past based on Sanger sequencing and continue to glowing these sciences based on Next generation sequencing (NGS). Next generation sequencing has excellent potential to flourish and increase the molecular applications in forensic sciences by jumping over the pitfalls of the conventional method of sequencing. The main advantages of NGS compared to conventional method that it utilizes simultaneously a large number of genetic markers with high-resolution of genetic data. These advantages will help in solving several challenges such as mixture analysis and dealing with minute degraded samples. Based on these new technologies, many markers could be examined to get important biological data such as age, geographical origins, tissue type determination, external visible traits and monozygotic twins identification. It also could get data related to microbes, insects, plants and soil which are of great medico-legal importance. Despite the dozens of forensic research involving NGS, there are requirements before using this technology routinely in forensic cases. Thus, there is a great need to more studies that address robustness of these techniques. Therefore, this work highlights the applications of forensic sciences in the era of massively parallel sequencing

Combined blood and pleural levels of mesothelin and osteopontin for the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma

AbstractBackgroundMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumor with poor survival rate. It is difficult to diagnose MPM at an early stage. Soluble mesothelin remains the best available biomarker for MPM, however the lack of sensitivity for early stage disease provides a motivation for the search of an additional marker that could be combined with mesothelin for early malignancy detection.Aim of workThe aim was to evaluate the diagnostic value of soluble mesothelin and osteopontin both in blood and pleural fluid of MPM patients and to assess whether combination of these markers could improve the diagnostic accuracy of mesothelin.MethodologyIn this study mesothelin and osteopontin were measured by ELISA method in 197 samples (123 blood and 74 pleural) obtained from 123 participants, divided into 4 groups: 38 MPM patients, 24 patients with metastatic pleural effusion (Mets) of various carcinomas, 29 patients with hydrothorax and 32 healthy asbestos exposed subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare the diagnostic capability of these biomarkers. Combination of markers was done through logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe median blood and pleural levels of the two markers were significantly higher in MPM patients than in hydrothorax or asbestos exposure groups (P<0.0001), however the difference between MPM and Mets group was not significant. Combining the data from blood mesothelin and osteopontin using logistic regression model raised the area under the ROC curve (AUC) from 0.774 for serum mesothelin and 0.828 for plasma osteopontin to 0.867 to differentiate MPM from hydrothorax and asbestos exposed subjects.Combining the diagnostic capability of both pleural markers raised the AUC from 0.871 for pleural mesothelin and 0.847 for pleural osteopontin to 0.905 to differentiate MPM from hydrothorax patients.ConclusionThe performance of serum and pleural mesothelin in diagnosing MPM was improved when combined with plasma and pleural osteopontin (respectively) through logistic regression analysis model. This will be a great advance in screening and management of MPM